Flu, or influenza, is an infection that affects the nose, throat, and lungs in the respiratory system.At Ascent ENT, we offer a comprehensive Influenza Screening Package designed for the rapid and accurate detection of influenza viruses, enabling timely treatment and preventive care.
Causes
Influenza is caused by influenza viruses, which are classified into four types: A, B, C, and D. Types A and B are the most common and cause seasonal epidemics
Symptoms
Symptoms of the flu like a sore throat, runny nose, and stuffy nose are common.
Other common flu symptoms include:
Fever, cough, muscle or body aches, headache, fatigue, chills, sneezing, shortness of breath (in severe cases)
Transmission
The virus spreads mainly through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the face (mouth, nose, or eyes)
You can spread the virus from a day before symptoms start to 5 to 7 days after. Children and people with weak immune systems may be contagious for longer. Flu viruses keep changing, and new strains appear often
Here are several factors that can increase the risk of contracting influenza or experiencing severe complications from it:
Risk factors:
Age
Young children (especially under the age of 5)
Older adults (age 65 and older)
Medical Conditions
Chronic illnesses: such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, and kidney disease.
Weakened immune systems: due to conditions like HIV/AIDS, cancer treatment, or certain medications.
Pregnancy
Pregnant women, especially in the second and third trimesters, have an increased risk.
Living Conditions
Crowded places: such as schools, nursing homes, or military barracks.
Long-term care facilities: Residents in these facilities are at higher risk.
Lifestyle Factors
Smoking: Can damage the lungs and make it easier for the virus to take hold.
Obesity: Especially severe obesity (BMI of 40 or higher).
Occupation
Healthcare workers: Due to frequent exposure to infected patients.
Caregivers: Especially those caring for young children or elderly individuals.
Lack of Vaccination: Not receiving the annual flu vaccine: The vaccine helps protect against the most common strains of the virus each year.
Complications
People at high risk can develop health problems after the flu, called complications. These include infections like croup, sinus infections, ear infections, and lung infections. The flu can also lead to heart or central nervous system infections in some cases..
Other complications may be:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Muscle damage called rhabdomyolysis, myositis.
Toxic shock syndrome.
Worsening of a chronic illness, such as asthma or kidney disease.
Prevention
Preventing influenza is important to protect yourself and those around you from the virus. Here are some effective strategies for prevention:
Vaccination
Annual Flu Vaccine: The most effective way to prevent influenza. It’s recommended for everyone aged 6 months and older.
The flu vaccine is crucial for several reasons:
Prevents Illness
Reduces Flu Cases: The vaccine helps prevent influenza infections, reducing the number of people who get sick.
Lowers Severity: Even if you do catch the flu, having the vaccine can reduce the severity of your symptoms.
Prevents Complications: The flu can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections, and ear infections. The vaccine reduces the risk of these complications.
Decreases Hospitalizations: By preventing severe cases, the flu vaccine helps reduce the burden on healthcare systems, especially during peak flu season.
Overall, getting the flu vaccine is a simple and effective way to protect yourself and others from influenza and its complications. It contributes to public health, economic stability, and pandemic preparedness.
Hygiene Practices
Hand Washing: Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
Hand Sanitizer: Use hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol when soap and water aren’t available.
Avoid Touching Face: Avoid touching your facial parts with unwashed hands.
Respiratory Etiquette
Cover Coughs and Sneezes: Use a tissue or your elbow, not your hands, to cover coughs and sneezes. Dispose of tissues properly.
Wear a mask, especially if you’re in a crowded place or taking care of someone who is sick.
Avoid Close Contact
Stay away from sick people: Try to avoid close contact with people who are ill.
Stay Home When Sick: If you’re feeling unwell, stay home to prevent spreading the virus to others.
Environmental Hygiene
Disinfect Surfaces: Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces like doorknobs, light switches, and mobile phones regularly.
Ventilate Spaces: Ensure good airflow in indoor environments by opening windows and using air filters if necessary.
Healthy Lifestyle
Balanced Diet: Eat a healthy diet to strengthen your immune system.
Regular Exercise: Maintain regular physical activity to boost overall health.
Adequate Sleep: Ensure you get enough rest to support your immune function.
Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.
Treatment
Treatment for influenza primarily focuses on relieving symptoms and supporting recovery.
Rest and Hydration
Pain Relievers: Medicines can help reduce fever and relieve aches and pains.
Decongestants: These can help relieve nasal congestion.
Cough suppressants: To reduce coughing, especially at night.
If there is anyone with a severe infection or is at high risk of complications, the medical professionals usually prescribe an antiviral medicine to treat the flu. These medicines can include oseltamivir, baloxavir, and zanamivir.
Remember, it’s also essential to avoid spreading the virus to others by staying home, covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and practicing good hand hygiene.For further guidance on influenza treatment packages and information, kindly reach out to us.