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Ear

Who is an ENT doctor?

An ENT doctor, or otolaryngologist, is a medical specialist who focuses on diagnosing and treating disorders related to the ears, nose, and throat, as well as related structures of the head and neck. This includes conditions such as hearing loss, sinusitis, tonsillitis, vocal cord disorders, and sleep apnea, among others. ENT doctors receive specialized training in both medical and surgical management of these conditions. They often work closely with other medical professionals such as audiologists, speech-language pathologists, and allergists to provide comprehensive care to their patients.

How is an ENT condition diagnosed?

The diagnostic process for an ENT condition will depend on the specific symptoms and concerns you are experiencing. In general, an ENT doctor will begin by taking a detailed medical history, asking about your symptoms, and performing a physical examination of the ears, nose, throat, and related structures. They may also use specialized equipment, such as an endoscope or microscope, to examine your ear canal, nasal passages, or throat in more detail.

 

Depending on your symptoms and examination findings, the ENT doctor may also order additional tests or imaging studies to help with the diagnosis. These may include:

 

  1. Hearing tests (audiometry) to evaluate hearing loss or other auditory problems
  2. Allergy testing to identify potential allergens that may be contributing to your symptoms
  3. Imaging studies such as CT scans, MRIs, or X-rays to look for structural abnormalities or tumors in the head and neck area
  4. Endoscopy, which involves using a flexible or rigid scope to examine the inside of your nose, throat, or airways in more detail
  5. Biopsy, which involves taking a small sample of tissue to examine under a microscope for signs of cancer or other abnormalities.
  6. Once a diagnosis has been made, the ENT doctor will work with you to develop an individualized treatment plan based on your specific needs and concerns.

What conditions does an ENT doctor treat?

An ENT doctor treats a wide range of conditions related to the ears, nose, and throat, as well as the structures of the head and neck. Some of the most common conditions treated by ENT doctors include:

  1. Ear infections and hearing loss
  2. Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
  3. Sinusitis (sinus infections)
  4. Allergies and allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
  5. Deviated septum (crooked nasal septum)
  6. Nasal polyps (growths inside the nose)
  7. Sore throat and tonsillitis (inflammation of the tonsils)
  8. Hoarseness and other voice disorders
  9. Sleep apnea (disordered breathing during sleep)
  10. Head and neck tumors
  11. Dizziness and balance disorders

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When should I see an ENT doctor?

 

You should consider seeing an ENT doctor if you are experiencing any symptoms or issues related to your ears, nose, or throat, or if you have any concerns about your head and neck health. Some specific signs or symptoms that may indicate a need to see an ENT doctor include:

 

  1. Persistent or recurrent ear infections, hearing loss, or ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
  2. Chronic or recurrent sinus infections, nasal congestion, or difficulty breathing through the nose
  3. Persistent or recurring sore throat, hoarseness, or other voice changes
  4. Swelling or lumps in the neck, throat, or salivary glands
  5. Difficulty swallowing or pain when swallowing
  6. Vertigo, dizziness, or balance problems
  7. Sleep apnea, snoring, or other breathing problems during sleep
  8. Chronic cough or postnasal drip
  9. Allergies that are not well managed with over-the-counter medications
  10. A family history of head and neck cancer or other hereditary conditions.

 

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms or concerns, it is important to see an ENT doctor for a thorough evaluation and appropriate treatment.

What are the common ENT procedures?

There are many different procedures that an ENT doctor may perform, depending on the specific condition being treated. Here are some common ENT procedures:

  1. Tonsillectomy: This surgical procedure involves the removal of the tonsils, which may be necessary if a person has recurrent tonsillitis, obstructive sleep apnea, or other related conditions.
  2. Adenoidectomy: This surgical procedure involves the removal of the adenoids, which are located at the back of the nasal cavity. Adenoidectomy may be recommended for recurrent infections, sleep apnea, or other related conditions.
  3. Sinus surgery: Endoscopic sinus surgery is a minimally invasive procedure that is used to treat chronic sinusitis by removing blockages in the nasal passages and sinuses.
  4. Septoplasty: This surgical procedure is used to correct a deviated septum, which can cause breathing problems, snoring, and other issues. 
  5. Myringotomy: This procedure involves placing small tubes in the ears to help drain fluid and prevent infections in people with chronic ear infections or other related conditions.
  6. Laryngoscopy: This procedure is used to examine the larynx (voice box) for abnormalities, such as nodules, polyps, or tumors.
  7. Tympanoplasty: Tympanoplasty is a surgical procedure that repairs a perforated or damaged eardrum. It involves grafting a small piece of tissue onto the eardrum to restore its integrity and improve hearing.
  8. Cochlear implant surgery: This procedure involves implanting a device in the inner ear to help people with severe hearing loss regain some degree of hearing.

These are just a few examples of common ENT procedures. The specific procedure recommended for you will depend on your individual needs and the specific condition being treated.

How long does recovery take after an ENT procedure?

The recovery time after an ENT procedure can vary depending on the type of procedure and the individual patient. In general, minimally invasive procedures such as endoscopic sinus surgery or ear tube placement may have a shorter recovery time than more complex procedures such as tonsillectomy or cochlear implant surgery.

After any ENT procedure, it is important to follow your doctor’s instructions for postoperative care to ensure a smooth recovery. You may be prescribed pain medication or antibiotics, and you may need to rest and avoid certain activities for a period of time.

How can I prevent ENT conditions?

While some ENT conditions are unavoidable, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing certain conditions or prevent them from worsening. Here are some tips for preventing ENT conditions:

  1. Practice good hygiene: Frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who are sick can help reduce your risk of developing viral or bacterial infections that can lead to ENT conditions such as sinusitis, ear infections, and strep throat.
  2. Avoid smoking: Smoking can increase your risk of developing sinusitis, ear infections, and other ENT conditions, as well as making them worse if you already have them. Avoid smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke.
  3. Manage allergies: Allergies can contribute to ENT conditions such as sinusitis and ear infections. Talk to your doctor about allergy testing and treatment options such as antihistamines, decongestants, or immunotherapy.
  4. Protect your ears: Exposure to loud noise can damage your hearing and increase your risk of developing conditions such as tinnitus and noise-induced hearing loss. Wear earplugs or noise-cancelling headphones in loud environments.
  5. Avoid using cotton swabs in your ears: Using cotton swabs to clean your ears can push earwax deeper into the ear canal and increase your risk of developing ear infections or injuring your eardrum.
  6. Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of fluids can help prevent dry throat and nasal passages that can contribute to conditions such as laryngitis and sinusitis.

 7.Seek prompt treatment: If you do develop an ENT condition, seek prompt treatment from an ENT specialist to prevent it from worsening or causing further complications.

WHAT IS A VERTIGO CLINIC?

A vertigo clinic is a medical facility that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of vertigo and other balance disorders. Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or dizziness that can be caused by a variety of conditions, such as inner ear disorders, head injuries, or certain medications. At a vertigo clinic, patients can undergo a comprehensive evaluation to determine the underlying cause of their symptoms and receive customized treatment plans, which may include medications, vestibular rehabilitation exercises, or surgical interventions in some cases. These clinics typically have specialized equipment and experienced healthcare professionals who are trained to provide specialized care for patients with vertigo and balance disorders.

Are there any risks or complications associated with ENT procedures?

Like any surgical procedure, ENT procedures can involve some risks and potential complications. However, most procedures are considered safe and the risk of complications is generally low. Here are some potential risks and complications associated with ENT procedures:

  1. Bleeding: Some ENT procedures, such as tonsillectomy or sinus surgery, can involve a risk of bleeding during or after the procedure.
  2. Infection: Any surgical procedure can increase the risk of infection. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics before or after the procedure to help prevent infection.
  3. Nerve damage: Some ENT procedures, such as cochlear implant surgery or parotid gland surgery, can involve a risk of nerve damage that can cause temporary or permanent changes in sensation or movement.
  4. Anesthesia complications: Any time you undergo anesthesia, there is a risk of complications such as allergic reactions or breathing difficulties.
What are the common hearing tests?

These are some of the most commonly used hearing tests:

  1. Pure-tone audiometry: This test measures a person’s ability to hear sounds at different frequencies and volumes. The person wears headphones and listens to a series of tones played at different frequencies and volumes. They signal when they can hear the tone, and the results are plotted on an audiogram.
  2. Speech audiometry: This test measures a person’s ability to hear and understand speech. The person listens to recorded words or sentences played at different volumes and repeats them back.
  3. Tympanometry: This test measures the movement of the eardrum in response to changes in air pressure. A small probe is inserted into the ear canal, and air pressure is varied to assess how well the eardrum is functioning.
  4. Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) testing: This test measures the sounds that are produced by the inner ear in response to sound stimulation. A small probe is inserted into the ear canal, and sounds are played.
  5. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing: This test measures the electrical activity of the auditory nerve and brainstem in response to sound stimulation. Electrodes are placed on the scalp, and sounds are played through headphones.

These tests can help identify hearing loss or other problems with the auditory system. Your ENT specialist or audiologist can determine which tests are appropriate based on your specific needs and symptoms.

Precautions to be followed after ear surgeries

Minimal usage of telephones is highly recommended. Conversing over speaker mode will be ideal for not causing much stress during the recovery phase. Post-surgery recovery period, loose clothing has to be worn and any strenuous activities to be completely avoided. Exposure to loud noise during the period has to be avoided. Water contact to be completely avoided until sutures are completely healed. As dizziness may occur driving to be avoided & flight travel is prohibited until fully recovered.

What is Otosclerosis & what are the remedies ?

Otosclerosis is a condition in the ear due to abnormal growth near the tiny vibrating bones in the middle ear, resulting in conductive hearing loss. For few dizziness, vertigo, and instability may occur. With laser stapedotomy, stapes are partially replaced with a prosthesis restoring conductive function to the ear. Traditional hearing aids are also an alternative to regain the hearing loss.

What is Myringoplasty ?

Perforations in the eardrum can be repaired with the procedure myringoplasty. Due to various reasons perforations can cause to the eardrums including infections, pressure problems, and prior trauma. The
condition is often associated with hearing loss and may lead to further complications, including infection and drainage.

Nose

Is rhinoplasty ideal for cases of DNS (septum deviation) and what are the precautions to be adopted ?

Rhinoplasty procedure can done to correct a septum deviation. Along with corrective procedure the external appearance can be enhanced. The procedure is normally performed under general anesthesia and recovery can be expected within 4-6 weeks. During the recovery period, any strain full physical activities should be avoided. Post procedure sodium intake has to be at the bare minimum to avoid swelling. For patients wearing eye glasses it should be avoided until full recovery is achieved.

How serious is a nose bleed & how to stabilize at home before seeking medical care ?

Clinically nose bleeds are generally classified as an anterior nosebleeds, which generates from the front part of the inside nose; secondly posterior nosebleeds are less frequent and difficult to control as they originate from the back of the nose. As an initial measure, try sitting with your head down and gently blow your nose to clear any minor clots that are in the nose. Later pinch the nostrils together with little pressure for 2-3 minutes. In the case of an anterior nosebleed the pressure will adequate to stop the nosebleed. In the cases of persisting nosebleeds, try to cover the nose with fresh cotton or with a clean cloth and seek medical care for cauterization as the posterior nosebleeds are more common in the elderly and those with high blood pressure or on asprin based medications.

Why do some people exhale forcefully with noise ?

Usually, these cases would be of a small external growth inside the nose which is generally termed as nasal polyps. Its growth extends from the sinus areas to nose causing breathing difficulties, primarily for exhalations. Initial stages can be managed with medicines. Endoscopic surgeries are very common & become inevitable as the cases may become chronic. These surgeries can be managed regardless of age factors.

Throat

Surgical removal of Tonsils & Adenoids in Kids

Prime reason tonsils and adenoids to be removed are due to recurring throat infections and snoring. A surgeon may recommend removal of growth surgery based on clinical history. Snoring in kids with enlarged tonsils and adenoids interrupt sleep patterns and brawl to intake right amount of oxygen while asleep. Also, they develop habitual wrong breathing patterns which effect their behaviors and they may exhibit lack of focus and general tiredness throughout. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy is highly recommended in these cases considering the ultimate benefit of child health.

What is sleep apnea & What are the treatments ?

Sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder that disturbs the sleep due to breathing difficulties due to the muscles at the back of the throat obstructing the airway. When it occurs the person brawl to intake right amount of oxygen while asleep. It recurrently occurs and the quality of sleep is disturbed. There treatment available namely, CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) its done via a mask worn over the nose that is attached to an air compressor. The air pressure holds the airway open throughout the sleep. Other methods are also adopted to prevent the tongue collapsing into the airways. Through surgical management, the physical abnormalities are removed that cause the airway obstructions.

What is LPR & why its called Silent Reflux ?

Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) refers to the back flow of food or acid back up into the larynx or to the pharynx. A feeling of a lump in the throat or difficulty swallowing may be the initial signs of LPR. Some may feel heartburns. After food intake, normal cases digestion process will begin without the contents of the stomach coming back up again causing refluxing. Not every case maybe with reflux with heartburns or indigestion. Many with LPR may never have heartburns. That is why LPR is also referred as silent reflux and very difficult to diagnose in many cases. 

Allergy

CAN ALLERGIES CAUSE ENT PROBLEMS?

Yes, allergies can contribute to ENT (ear, nose, and throat) problems. Allergies occur when the body’s immune system reacts to a substance that is normally harmless, such as pollen, pet dander, or certain foods. When the immune system identifies an allergen, it releases chemicals that cause symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, and throat.

In some people, allergies can also contribute to ENT problems such as:

  1. Sinusitis: Allergies can cause inflammation in the nasal passages and sinuses, leading to sinusitis or inflammation of the sinuses.
  2. Rhinitis: Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is a type of inflammation in the nasal passages that can cause symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and congestion.
  3. Asthma: Some people with allergies may also have asthma, a condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making it difficult to breathe.
  4. Ear infections: Allergies can cause inflammation in the Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the back of the throat. This can lead to fluid buildup in the middle ear, increasing the risk of ear infections.
  5. Sore throat: Post-nasal drip, which occurs when mucus from the nasal passages drips down the back of the throat, can cause a sore throat.

If you suspect that your ENT problems are related to allergies, talk to your doctor about allergy testing and treatment options such as antihistamines, decongestants, or immunotherapy.

Speech

What is speech and voice therapy?

Speech and voice therapy, also known as speech-language pathology, is a field of healthcare that focuses on the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of communication disorders and difficulties related to speech, language, voice, and swallowing.

WHAT DOES A SPEECH THERAPIST DO?

A speech therapist, also known as a speech-language pathologist (SLP), is a healthcare professional who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of speech, language, and swallowing disorders. Speech therapists work with people of all ages, from infants to the elderly, who have difficulty with communication, including speech articulation, language comprehension and expression, and swallowing function. They evaluate their clients’ abilities and develop personalized treatment plans to improve communication and swallowing abilities, using techniques such as exercises, strategies, and interventions. Speech therapists also provide education and counseling to clients and their families to help them manage their disorders and achieve their communication goals.

When should I consider speech and voice therapy?

You should consider speech and voice therapy if you or a loved one experiences difficulties with speech production, language comprehension or expression, voice quality, fluency, or swallowing. This may include conditions such as speech delays, stuttering, voice disorders, aphasia, or swallowing disorders.

What can I expect during a speech and voice therapy appointment?

During your initial appointment, a speech-language pathologist (SLP) will evaluate your communication abilities, which may involve interviews, observations, and standardized assessments. Based on the evaluation results, the SLP will develop a personalized treatment plan tailored to your specific needs.

What types of conditions can be treated by speech and voice therapy?

Speech and voice therapy can address a wide range of conditions, including articulation disorders, language delays or disorders, voice disorders (such as vocal nodules or vocal cord paralysis), fluency disorders (such as stuttering), cognitive-communication disorders (resulting from stroke or brain injury), and swallowing disorders (dysphagia).

What is speech therapy for speech delay?

Speech therapy for speech delay is a specialized form of therapy provided by a speech-language pathologist (SLP) to help children who are experiencing delays in their speech development. It aims to improve their communication skills and address any underlying difficulties they may have in producing speech sounds, using language, or expressing themselves verbally.

What causes speech delay in children?

Speech delay in children can have various causes, including developmental factors, hearing impairments, neurological conditions, oral motor difficulties, or environmental factors. A thorough evaluation by an SLP can help determine the underlying cause and guide the therapy process.

How can speech therapy help with speech delay?

Speech therapy can help children with speech delay by providing targeted interventions to improve their speech production, articulation, and language skills. The therapy sessions may involve activities and exercises designed to strengthen their oral muscles, practice correct speech sound production, expand their vocabulary, and enhance their overall communication abilities.

At what age should I consider speech therapy for my child's speech delay?

If you notice significant speech delays or concerns about your child’s speech development, it is recommended to consult with an SLP (Speech and Language Pathologist) for an evaluation. Early intervention is often beneficial, so it’s better to seek help sooner rather than later. However, speech therapy can be beneficial for individuals of all ages, including older children with persistent speech delays.

What techniques or interventions are used in speech and voice therapy?

Speech and voice therapy may involve various techniques and interventions depending on the specific needs of the individual. These may include articulation exercises, language therapy, voice exercises, breathing techniques, vocal hygiene education, fluency training, cognitive-communication therapy, and swallowing exercises.

How long does speech and voice therapy typically last?

The duration of speech and voice therapy varies depending on the individual’s needs and goals. Some individuals may require a few weeks or months of therapy, while others may benefit from longer-term intervention. The frequency and duration of sessions are usually determined by the therapist based on the individual’s progress and therapy plan.

Can speech and voice therapy help with accent modification?

Yes, speech and voice therapy can also be beneficial for individuals who wish to modify their accent or improve their pronunciation. SLPs can provide accent modification therapy, which focuses on developing clearer speech patterns and reducing accent-related communication difficulties.

Can children and adults receive speech and voice therapy?

Yes, speech and voice therapy services are available for both children and adults. SLPs are trained to work with individuals across the lifespan, addressing communication needs in various age groups.

Will my insurance cover speech and voice therapy services?

Insurance coverage for speech and voice therapy varies depending on your insurance provider and policy. It’s advisable to contact your insurance company to determine the extent of coverage for evaluation, therapy sessions, and any necessary equipment or devices.

How do I schedule an appointment with a speech-language pathologist?

To schedule an appointment with a speech-language pathologist, you can typically contact the clinic directly or visit our website to book an appointment. You may be asked for basic information and inquired about the reason for seeking therapy to ensure the allocation of appropriate resources for your evaluation and treatment.

Audiology

What is audiology?

Audiology is a branch of healthcare that focuses on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of hearing and balance disorders. Audiologists are trained professionals who specialize in assessing and managing hearing-related issues.

When should I consider visiting an audiologist?

You should consider visiting an audiologist if you experience any signs of hearing loss, such as difficulty understanding speech, frequently asking others to repeat themselves, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), dizziness, or if you have concerns about your hearing health.

What can I expect during an audiology appointment?

During an audiology appointment, the audiologist will typically conduct a comprehensive evaluation of your hearing, which may include a physical examination, a review of your medical history, and various tests to assess your hearing abilities. These tests may involve wearing headphones and responding to different sounds.

What types of tests are performed by audiologists?

Audiologists perform several tests to evaluate hearing loss and related conditions. These may include pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, tympanometry (middle ear assessment), otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), auditory brainstem response (ABR), and balance tests.

Can audiologists prescribe hearing aids?

Yes, audiologists are qualified to prescribe and fit hearing aids based on your specific hearing needs. They can assess your hearing loss, recommend suitable hearing aids, provide fitting and adjustment services, and offer guidance on their maintenance and use.

Are there non-surgical treatments for tinnitus?

While there is currently no known cure for tinnitus, audiologists can provide various management options to help reduce its impact on your daily life. These may include counseling, sound therapy, tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT), and recommending devices like white noise machines or hearing aids with tinnitus masking features.

Can children undergo audiology services?

Yes, audiologists provide services for patients of all ages, including infants and children. Pediatric audiology focuses on diagnosing and managing hearing issues in children, including newborn hearing screenings, hearing assessments, and fitting pediatric hearing aids.

Will my insurance cover audiology services?

Insurance coverage for audiology services varies depending on your insurance provider and policy. It’s best to check with your insurance company beforehand to understand your coverage for hearing evaluations, hearing aids, and other audiology services.

How do I schedule an appointment with an audiologist?

To schedule an appointment with an audiologist, you can typically call the clinic directly or visit our website to book an appointment. You may be asked for basic information and inquired about the reason for your visit to ensure the allocation of sufficient time for your evaluation.

What are hearing aids and how do they work?

Hearing aids are small electronic devices that amplify sound for individuals with hearing loss. They work by capturing sounds through a microphone, processing the signals, and delivering amplified sound to the wearer’s ears through a speaker.

How do I know if I need a hearing aid?

If you’re having trouble hearing conversations, frequently asking people to repeat themselves, struggling to hear in noisy environments, or noticing a decline in your overall hearing ability, it’s recommended to have a comprehensive hearing evaluation to determine if a hearing aid is necessary.

What are the different types of hearing aids available?

There are several types of hearing aids, including behind-the-ear (BTE), in-the-ear (ITE), in-the-canal (ITC), and completely-in-the-canal (CIC)models. Each type varies in size, placement, and level of visibility.

How do I choose the right hearing aid for me?

Choosing the right hearing aid depends on various factors such as the degree of hearing loss, lifestyle needs, dexterity, and personal preferences. An audiologist can guide you through the selection process based on your individual needs and preferences.

What is the process of getting a hearing aid?

The process typically involves a comprehensive hearing evaluation, followed by a consultation with an audiologist who will recommend suitable hearing aids based on your test results. Once a hearing aid is selected, it will be custom programmed and fitted to your specific hearing needs.

Can I try a hearing aid before purchasing it?

Yes, we can offer a trial period with certain terms and conditions, during which you can try out the hearing aids before making a purchase. This allows you to experience their benefits in various listening environments and ensure they meet your expectations.

How are hearing aids programmed to suit my hearing needs?

Hearing aids are programmed using computer software by an audiologist. They analyze your audiogram results, considering factors like your specific hearing thresholds and lifestyle requirements, to adjust the settings and amplification levels of the hearing aids for optimal hearing.

What is the fitting process for hearing aids?

The fitting process involves placing the hearing aids in or behind your ears and making sure they fit comfortably. The audiologist will verify the sound quality and make any necessary adjustments to ensure the hearing aids provide optimal amplification and clarity.

How often should I get my hearing aids adjusted or reprogrammed?

It is recommended to have your hearing aids evaluated and adjusted at regular intervals. Typically, this includes follow-up visits at the initial fitting, and then periodic check-ups every six months to a year, depending on your specific needs and the performance of your hearing aids.

What is the difference between analog and digital hearing aids?

Analog hearing aids amplify sound in a continuous manner, whereas digital hearing aids convert sound into digital signals for more precise processing and customization. Digital hearing aids offer advanced features such as noise reduction, directional microphones, and feedback cancellation.